Questionnaire

1.) Male or Female?


2.) Age?


3.) What is your favourite type of music?


4.) What is your favourite colour?


5.) What TV channels do you mostly watch?


6.) When do you wacth then? And why?


7.) Are you obsessed with anything (if yes, what is it?)


8.) What are your hobbies?


9.) What are three things you cannot live without?


10.) If one of the three things you couldnt live without was taken from you, what would you do?

Initial Plan

we have decided that for a topic, we will use 'Obsessions' for our documentary, this is because it is such a wide spread topic that there will be plenty of content to include in it.

our target audience will be anybody interested in the opic of the programme, or somebody dealing with an obsession of their own.

we will broadcast it over Chanel 4, as this is the channel that broadcasts most documentaries similar to ours.

It will be broadcast at 9:00, this is because it is just after the very popular sit com 'friends', therefore we are hoping to inherit some of the audience from that programme.

We have titled our documentary as 'Just Can't Get Enough', this is because it suits the topic of the documentary, and also because we can then choose the song 'Just Can't Get Enough' by the band Depeche Mode as our theme tune.

TV Scheduling

The schedule for each day can be broken down into clear segments. How would you categorise these segments?
Breakfast, Daytime, Children, Family and Adult.

Who are the audience for these segments?
Breakfast- 6am, spread of different audiences.
Daytime- Housewives and unemployed.
Family- for all audiences, when having tea.
Adult- after 9 to 10 oclock when it can be watershed.

What would you say are the most popular genres on television?
News- has to be on every channel by law.
Soap Opera, sit-com, talk shows, game shows and films.

Who is the target audience of each terrestrial channel? Give examples of scheduled programmes to support your views.
BBC1- Aimed at anybody (the whole population)
BBC2- Intilectual educated audience.
ITV1- Aimed at anybody aswell (the whole population)
C4- Young adults, educated (compete to BBC2)
C5- Same as BBC1, mass audience channel.

Roughly, what percentage of each channels schedules is taken up with repeats? Why do you think this is?
Mainly in the daytime.
BBC- 1pm till 3.30pm repeats.
Repeats are used because its cheap.

Which channels have more imported programmes in their schdules? Why do you think this might be?
Channel four and five because they havent got as much money. Cheaper to buy international programmes than make Brittish show.

What do you inderstand by the term 'the Watershed' and where does this occur in the schdules?
Watershed is nine o'clock- shedding the audience of children. Can do more adult programmes. Sometimes shifted back to 10 o'clock these days.

Codes and conventions of a documentary genre:

• Interviews
• Images (moving and still)
• Voiceover
• Theme
• Music
• archive material
• Graphics-credits
• single strand narrative
• Editing: cut is the most common edit because it then doesnt distract the attention of the interviewee.
• Voiceover is sometimes relevant depending on the topic-relevant age to the topic-standard english, calm and clear delivery. creative and varied camerawork.- conventional framing on the interviews with camera on a tripod and not hand held.
• Archive material- still images: CD covers, newspapers, poster etc.
• camera movement:pan up and down, zoom etc.
• if chromacy is used it shouldnt distract the audience from the interview.
• relevant music-doesnt interfere-correct sound levels
• Graphics-anchor the person, time, places and relevance to the programmes topics-simple and usually two lines wrong.

Television Scheduling

Inheritance- scheduling a programme after a popular programme hoping it will inherit the same audience.

Pre-echo - Audience tunes in before a popular one; catch the end of the popular programme and hopefully tune in next time.

Hammoking- New programme put between two popular programmes which could mean it was expensive to make.

Small teen big world

Type of documentary

• Mixed
  

Themes

• Undiagnosed Dwarfism


• Life
  

Narrative structure

• Non-Linear


• Open narrative structure

Camerawork

• Interviews- left or right of the screen with the interviewees eye line a third of the way down the screen.


• Unconventional interviewing from the back of a car.


• Low and high angle shots, mostly low angle on the girl to make her seem taller.


• Reflective shot, filmed into a mirror of her getting her hair cut.


• High angle of their dog.


• Close up of baby in the hospital.


• Zoom into a close up of pictures.


• Two shot on the top of a hill.


• Low angle 360 spin of New York's sky scrapers


• Footage of screen showing live footage.


• Slow and fast motion used.

Mise-en-scene

Sound

• Sad music played when she explained that her mum had, had a breakdown.


• Voice over of the girl who the documentary is about.


• Upbeat music for happier parts


• Sad slow music played quietly as a music bed in sad parts


• Lady Gaga played when the girl explains about her normal life.


• Alicia Keys- New York, for when they visit "The big Apple"

Editing

• Blurred half of the screen so the focus is not taken from the girl being interviewed.


• Depth of field


• Fast motion used in New York as well as slow motion when they are in their own home.

Archive material

• Home footage during pregnancy.


• Old photographs.


• Footage from birth (hospital) with child's voice over.


• Home videos of past.

Graphics

• Title of programme.


• White, lower case, sans.


• Credits are the same.

Real footage from the TV documentary shown.

9/11 Inside story

Type or Documentary

• Mixed

Themes

• War, conspiricy, NewYork, Twin towers, terrorist and religion
  

Narrative Structure

• Non-linear
• Open structure

Camerawork

• Zoom into 4 attackers face
• Low angle towards peoples feet in the airport, pan across
• Zoom quick into 17 close ups of faces of the attackers
• Point of view shot, going to the plane
• Birds eye view of map on different states of America.
• Point of view shot of terrorist
• Zoom out of faces who lost their lives
• Low angle of twin towers to represent power
• Hand held camera of footage of the twin towers being hit.
• Low angle hand held zoom to the top of the towers.
  

Mise-en-scene

Sound

• Interviews- 3rd of the way down and left or right to screen with medium close up
• Voiceover- man, standard English, calm and clear.
• Translator- pakistan accent and roughly the same age as the attacker.
• Audio of air hostess and terrorists
• Histerical New Yorkers - American commentary

Editing

• Slow motion of plane controls
• Map zooming into the airport
• Attackers faces on a flag effect, extreme close up into blur
• Computerised looking footage of planes leaving each airport.
• computerised version of the twin towers and damage
• faint images of pilots of the plane displayed over the control pannels of the plane.
• Fast motion view of whole plane
• still images from inside the twin towers attack
• still images of important people
• black and white photos of New York

Archive Material

• Twin towers
• CNN live
• Afganistan/war
• Audio of New York radio on september 11th
• Airport
• footage of plane hitting towers
• CCTV footage of attackers at airport
• audio of airhostess, terrorist, Texas, North Carolina, New York and Washington.
  

Graphics

• Interview- Name, job (relevance to documentary)
• White lower case, sans - translates
• title with newspaper headlines as a background
• place, time etc shown in the left or right corner of screen in white sans font
• Quotes from what Betty Ong says from the plane
• American 11 appears on top of the screen whist moving footage of the plane is shown.
• Time keeps appearing in the bottom left.
• Credits- White, lowercase, sans
  
  
  
  
  

This clip is not real footage from inside 9/11 but it is hand held camera videoing the terrorist attacks of the south tower.

BBC2- That thing... Lara Croft

Type of documentary

Mixed.

Themes

Video games.

Power of women.

Phenomenon of Lara Croft.

Representation of women.

Narrative structure

Closed narrative structure.

Non Linear

Single strand

Camerawork

Interviews- left or right hand side of the screen with eye line a third of the way down the screen

Variety of shot types: Low angle, Whip pans and tracking shots.

Tilted frame shot.

Barbie and Ken sequence.

Extreme close-ups of most of the interviewee's.

Mise-en-scene

Chromakey - the Lara Croft video game, moving and out of focus so it didnt distract the audience from the actual interview.

Front projection- a light shone in front of them over their face, which looked part of the video game being played.

Film clips.

Sound

Voiceover- Male, standard English, emotionless, aged in their 20's- somebody who may play the Lara Croft game.

Lara Croft game- Gun fire and music from the game

Madonna music- one interviewee talked about madonna and her sng began just before the interview come on the screen, she is seen as a powerful women just like Lara Croft's character.

Voice of character.

Editing

Cartoon game mixed into reality.

Moving images in the background of the interviews.

Cutting- this is used the most throughout.

Man on a titled computer screen- He is the creator of Lara Croft, he is presented this way as a visual joke and it makes him stand out a lot more than the other interviewee's.

Fast motion used when walking down the stairs into the Cyber cafe.

Archive material

Movie clips and video game clips- both from toomrader.

Emails from the fans of Lara Croft.

Websites dedicated to Lara Croft .

News headlines on how big she has became and how she was even on the front of magazines.

Nikey advert

Graphics

Name and job of the person and how they were involved with the production of the game.

Prsented white and all in lower case and sanserif font.

These images were not used in the Documentary but they represent the excessiveness of Lara Croft and how the video game has developed so well.

The Music Biz -The marketing of Meatloaf

Type of Documentary

• Mixed

Themes

• The marketing of music, creation of image.
• Power of the media to influence the audience behaviour

Narrative Structure

• Non-Linear- doesnt run in order of time
• Closed structure
• Single strand (one main narrative, not different stories).

Camerawork

• Interviews- framed to the left or right of the screen with interviewees eye line a third of the way down the screen (conventional)
• Four different interviews with Meatloaf.
• Variety of camerawork.
• Extreme close up of magazine and CD covers (pan up and down) with camera movement on the still images to make them more interesting and on moving images.
• High and low angle shot used on different places.
• Point of view shot of someone walking in the betting office (creative)
• Filming the media interview Meatloaf
• Hand held camera (behind the scene footage)

Mise-en-scence

• CHROMAKEY- blue or green creen.
• Background of chromakey is related to archive/actuality footage related to what the interviewee is talking about.

Sound

• Voiceover- sarcastic, male, standard English, small Scottish accent, calm and clear delivery.
• Narrators speech
• Meatloaf music.

Editing

• Interviewees dissolve in and out (All the same questions asked) and then the three interview footage is cut up and linked together.
• Intercutting/cross cutting between interviews to construct the narrative.
• Freeze moving background image when interviewee talking so the audience isn't distracted
• Filming of behind scenes video to how it looked in the video.
• Slow motion used.
• Dissolves-not that effective.

Archive Material

• Magazine covers, CD covers, TV clips,music videos, chat shows, award show (Brits and Grammy awards), News footage (American and British).
• Used partly as chromakey background to construct the mise-en-scene of interviews.

Graphics

• The title sequence-moving images into interviews
• Series logo in the left hand corner-name, their job. (Anchored the relevance) Ranged from right to the left of the screen.
• White capitals in sans serif font.

I could not find any footage from the real programme so i added the music video that was being made throughout "The music Biz" .

Public enemy number one analysis

Type of documentary

mixed

Themes

Crime-murder investigation,devil worship, religion, youth, power of the media-can the media influence individuals behavior which the audience answers themselves as its not answered in the documentary.

Narrative structure

Open narrative structure- non-linear.

Camerawork

• Point of view shot-a fan in the crowd at the Marilyn Manson concert and inspector(creative editing)
  
• Interviews-close up, medium close up, low angle-Marilyn Manson(power), two shot of english couple
  
• Hand held camera- filming guy selling posters(not pre arranged)
  
• Close up of faces-stock footage-churches,religious, iconography (low and high angle)
  
• Tracking-police inspector being followed and manson walking through Rome, panning,zoom-still images,crane-cemetery.
  
• Tilted frame from nuns point of view when she was being murdered.
  
• Manson press conference-observation shots of news media- not part of the journalistic camera crews.
  

Mise-en-scene

• Inspector-cap of officer appeared large with the inspector appearing smaller behind it (low angle shot)
  
• Isolated nun
  
• Man visiting the grave yard
  
• Lighting- on most of the stock footage it was very dark apart from a single orange or blueglow in affect of a street light.
  
• Manson's one to one interviews- low angle (power). Half of his face appeared dark whereasthe other half appeared light from the use of a lamp in the room. This could represent things such as life and death, good or bad and saint or sinner.
  

Sound

Voice over-narrator, male, standard english and delivered speech calmly.

The voice over is the glue that holds the narrative together.

Translating voice over- tended to be the same age, gender as the other person speaking.

Marilyn Manson music

Religious music

Sound effects used

Ending Marilyn manson speech- "I spend a lot more time talking to their kids than they do."

Editing

Cut

Hours of stock footage edited down into a one hour show.

Matching what the boy said in his interview to videos of rome.

Priest - entire interview audio and a video of him driving, he looks tired and the quiet roads ahead add a dramatic sense to the interview

Killing the nun- door, heart beat, speeds up and slows down and then stops when dead. Hitting with rock and stabbing and dog barks, breathing and whispering then the church bells single strike symbolizing death.

Footage of manson fans swearing etc, with choral music.

two oposing things together and create meaning - juxtaposition.

Archive Material

News footage-police investigation, nuns funeral, girls.

American TV-columnby masicar

Manson music video

Girls with Marilyn Manson carved into their chests

Graphics

San serif white font- Name on the first line and underneath is the relevance of the person to the topic - dates and location.

Crucifix instead of letter "t"

White text used to close the narrative of trial

Titling the audio being spoken

Credits being scrolled up the screen at the end of the documentary.

This is footage from a Marilyn Manson concert, its archive footage of a concert but not one that appeared in the documentary.

Documentary.

The purpose of the documentary is to document, that is to report, with evidence, something that has actually happened. It can show this by using actuality footage or reconstruction. It can use a narrators voice over to anchor the meaning or rely on the participants themselves with perhaps the occasional interjection by the narrator.

Actuality footage-'real' footage of actual events.

John Grierson- General Post Office Film Unit in 1930's. Defined documentary as: "the creative treatment of actuality"(or reality)

Features of documentaries

John Corner of university of Liverpool. There are 5 central elements of the documentary.

Observation

The program makers pretend that the camera in unseen or ignored by the people taking part in the events.

-People observing at home don't see camera's.

Interview

Give opinions and info through out question. Documentaries rely heavily on the use of interview.

Dramatisation

All documentaries use a sense of drama through the observation element.

-or dramatic reconstruction.

-Mise-en-scene

- Put in the picture

Documentaries makers carefully construct shots.

Exposition

The line of argument in a documentary this is what the documentary in 'saying'.

Fully Narrated

A voice over is used to convey the exposition. The voice over is used to make sense of the visuals and dominates their meaning e.g. natural history documentaries.

Fly on the wall

Draws on the French film movement cinema verite. The camera is unseen or ignored and simply records real events ad they unfold.

Mixed

A combination of interview, observation, actuality and archive material and narration and advance the argument/narrative.

Self reflective

When the subject of the documentary acknowledges the presence of the camera and often speaks directly to the programmes makers.

Docudrama

Re-enactments of events

Docusoap

Documentaries and soap opera.

A group of central protagonists e.g. Airport (easyjet)

Structure of documentaries

Narrative structure

Take on different forms:

• Open-loose ends which are not tied up at the end. (Questions are left in answered)
• Closed- there is a definite conclusion to the narrative.

Linear structure-follows chronological order.(Events follow the order of time)

Non Linear structure- things are not in time order e.g. flashback or flash forward.

Circular structure- The beginning is the same as the end.

Visuals

Television is a visual medium

-The programme needs to be stimulating.

Archive material-Street scenes, open countryside, close up of faces = stock footage

Interviews

An interview can be held anywhere, but the setting does affect the meaning

Vox pop (vox populis)- voice of the people.

Go on the street and ask people all the same question and film their answers.

Construction of reality

Gate keeping (media theory)

The selection and rejection of information/content for inclusion in media text.

Editing process

• Where gate keeping happens in a documentary.
• Voice over (voice of god)-never seen.
• Propaganda- deliberately set out to change the opinion of others.